经权相济:乡村精英的经营嵌入式治理及其逻辑

Principle and Expediency in Tandem:The “Operation-embedded” Practice of Rural Elites and Its Logic

中文关键词:  经营嵌入式治理  乡村精英  内生发展  村企关系  山区村庄

英文关键词:embedded governance of operation  rural elites  endogenous development  village-enterprise relations  mountainous villages in central China

中文摘要:

      本文基于天溪村的田野调查,提出“经营嵌入式治理”概念以理解资源匮乏型村庄的内生发展路径。研究发现村庄以兼具产业经营能力与基层治理责任的乡村精英为担纲者,将企业经营逻辑引入公共事务,同时以治理责任优化市场理性,在与资本和科层的互动中实现内生发展。内部治理以个体信用启动公共品供给、推动行政资源向经营性资产转化,盘活存量资产;村企关系采取借力而不依附的有限嵌入策略,通过技术自主学习、产业链分段与市场渠道备份保持产业主动权;村集体、大户与散户之间则以风险兜底和党员试错实现利益整合,并在市场逻辑之外以兜底逻辑坚守治理底线。这一模式超越了“保护型经纪”与“经营型经纪”的二分框架,其核心行动伦理可追溯至王夫之“严以治吏,宽以养民”的经权思想,但该模式也面临精英依赖、农户生计转型等可持续性挑战。

英文摘要:

      Based on fieldwork in Tianxi Village,this paper proposes the concept of “embedded governance of operation” to understand the endogenous development path of resource-scarce villages.The study finds that the village relies on rural elites who possess both industrial management capabilities and grassroots governance responsibilities as protagonists,introducing business operation logic into public affairs while taming market rationality with governance responsibilities,thereby achieving endogenous development through interaction with capital and bureaucracy.In internal governance,public goods provision is initiated through personal credit,administrative resources are transformed into operational assets,and existing assets are revitalized.In village-enterprise relations,a limited embedding strategy of “borrowing without dependence” is adopted,maintaining industrial initiative through autonomous technological learning, segmentation of the industrial chain, and backup market channels. Between the village collective,large-scale households,and small-scale farmers,risk absorption and Party members’ pilot experimentation are used to integrate interests,while a fallback logic safeguards the governance baseline beyond market logic.This model transcends the dichotomy between “protective brokerage” and “entrepreneurial brokerage,” and its core action ethic can be traced back to Wang Fuzhi’s jing-quan thought of “strictly governing officials and leniently nurturing the people”.However,this model also faces sustainability challenges such as elite dependence and the transformation of farmers’ livelihoods.